Compare and Contrast the Divine Machinery of Odyssey and...

Compare and Contrast the Divine Machinery of the Odyssey and the Aeneid The Aeneid is a poem of Fate, which acts as an ever-present determinant, and as such Aeneas is entirely in the hands of destiny. The unerring and inexorable passage of fate, assisted by the Gods intervention, is impossible to prevent and its path does create many victims along the way, who are expendable for Rome to be created. In the Aeneid, mortals suffer, no matter what they do or how good a life they lead and they are unable to rely on the Gods for assistance. However, the Odyssey is a poem of morality, where the good are exulted and the bad are punished (The blessed gods dont like wicked acts. Justice and fair play are what they respect O.14.84). It†¦show more content†¦In the Odyssey, interventions by Jupiter is due to his role as arbiter of justice. He sets Odysseus free from Ogygia due to Athenes reminder of his past piety (sacrifices he made you by the Argives ships O.1.63) and of his righteousness as a king (that admirable King!...ruled like a loving father O.5.11) . She declares that if Odysseus is not set free then the gods are not just. The theme of justice is emphasised at the very start of the poem, with the Proems reference to the transgressions of Odysseus crew bringing them doom. It is reiterated in the final book as the suitors are killed by the divine agent Odysseus (victims to the will of the gods and their own infamy O.22.414). Though it is Jupiter that supervises the course of destiny in both books, in one he is the arbiter of justice and the other of Fate. Fate in the Aeneid is assured from the start and it is an inexorable path, but in the Odyssey men decide their fate. Odysseus men did not have to eat the cattle of Hyperion but after they had, then they were destined to die (if you leave them untouched...there is some chance...but if you hurt them, then I predict destruction O.12.137). Odysseus is allowed to leave Ogygia in Book 5 but it is his choice to leave, despite the nymph Calypsos appeals (take on immortality O.5.207, Ne vertheless I long to reach my

Security And Control Of Privacy - 2089 Words

Synopsis In today’s world where the technology is at the forefront of our day-to-day lives, we engage in a myriad of social, economic and political transactions and interactions through cyberspace. In 2013, the human race produced over 28 million gigabytes of data everyday with 90% of the data currently in existence was generated in the last two years according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australians are considered to be one of the most connected peoples in the world. As human beings we value our privacy and the protection of our personal information. Security and control over accesses to our information is thus paramount. Advancements in technology in the 21st century has threatened that security and decreased our control of privacy. As the technology that governs our lives everyday improves in quality and quantity, so does the risks upon our information privacy. In other words, this very technology that enables us to engage online in different forms across a global scale ultimately also makes our risks of private information being exposed to unauthorized individuals of large concern for both individuals and organisations. The main areas of focus in this research paper will be the use of personal data and the protection of it, cookies and how the internet has opened up risks for breach of information privacy. What is information privacy? â€Å"Privacy is the claim of individuals, groups, or institutions to determine for themselves when, how, and to what extentShow MoreRelatedHow Technology Has Become Increasingly Globalized And Is Now A Key Utility1491 Words   |  6 Pagesendangering the user’s privacy online and offline. While online users should assume partial responsibility to better inform themselves and expand their knowledge of how much control they have over their information with the addition of having an understanding of what is being done with the collected data, the fault ultimately lies with those that push for more user transparency online when the significantly advancing surveillance and tracking of online users’ information violates their privacy and further reducesRead MoreCase Analysis : Topaz Information Solutions1184 Words   |  5 Pagesor disclosure of protected health information (PHI) on behalf of or for a covered entity. As a business associate (BA), Topaz is required to complete an annual security risk assessment to evaluate the physical, administrative and technical safeguards implemented to comply with HIPAA’s Privacy and Security Rules. The Privacy and Security Rules require that a covered entity obtains satisfactory assurances from its business associates that the business associate appropriately safeguards the PHI itRead MoreCloud Computing Is Moving Into The Mainstream.Moving To1467 Words   |  6 Pagescloud arrangements have pros and cons, and they need to be weighed before a decision is made. Two main challenges of clouds are security and privacy. These two main issues must be addressed prior to choosing a cloud service. As a consumer, you make the choice for how stringent your security and privacy are to your stakeholders. Cloud Challenges: Security and Privacy According to Prasad, Gyani and Murti (2012), â€Å"Cloud computing can be defined as a new style of computing in which dynamically scalableRead MoreCloud Challenges : Security And Privacy1363 Words   |  6 PagesCloud Challenges: Security and Privacy According to Prasad, Gyani and Murti (2012), â€Å"Cloud computing can be defined as a new style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as a service over the Internet† (p.7). This statement is from five years ago, and although cloud computing is no longer considered new, this definition still describes what cloud computing means today. Cloud computing being private or public is becoming more primordial in the ITRead MorePrivacy Policy : The Fastest Growing Crime1134 Words   |  5 PagesWhen privacy threats are on the rise, and identity theft is the fastest-growing crime, your privacy documentation should clearly demonstrate your commitment to information protection. Putting well-designed privacy policies and procedures in place is not just good risk management; it empowers you to create a trusting relationship with your customers, and guides your employees on how to handle information. Here s a quick summary of what you need to implement: Corporate Privacy Policy: The CorporateRead MoreThe Digital Of Digital Privacy1380 Words   |  6 Pages The term digital privacy can be defined as or explain as by using digital means protecting information of private citizens or business, In these days when people try to explain what is digital privacy mostly they refer to usage of internet or relate with it. This is the technology era, digital privacy is being discussed in related areas, and addressing related issues according in right direction drive towards solution and help to secure more data. Digital privacy focuses and depends on the mediumRead MoreAirport Security1595 Words   |  7 Pagesthe nature of the debate on privacy, in a way that is beneficial to them. To do this I will first argue that airport security and the TSA are objectively ineffective and merely creates the illusion of privacy. Despite not actually protecting us, the system of airplane security, conditions individuals in the general public to be willing to make sacrifices in privacy for a perceived â€Å"greater good† in community safety. This viewpoi nt of individuals sacrificing a little privacy for the well-being of societyRead MoreNetwork Product Development Company : Security Issue1280 Words   |  6 PagesIoT Integration in Network Product Development Company : Security issue –Critical Literature Review. Introduction: The Internet of Things (IoT) sometimes known as Internet of objects. Internet of Things later will change to Internet of Everything which includes education, communication, business, science, government, and humanity. The internet is one of the most important and powerful creations in human history (Evan, 2011). The high volumes of data generated by IoT and technologies for the similarRead MoreDIACAP : Analysis And Outline Of The Dod Information Systems1102 Words   |  5 PagesDIACAP Implementation Plan (DIP) which represents the model with regard to system implementation and the current enactment status of assigned IA system controls. Another artifact includes the Supporting Documentation for Certification which represents documents that involve actual validation outcomes and artifacts connected to the adoption of IA controls. The package similarly protects the DIACAP scorecard which acts as a tool envisioned to relay facts regarding information assurance (IA) posture ofRead MoreT he Health Insurance Portability And Accountability Act Essay810 Words   |  4 Pagesapproach to deal with the privacy issues of the health data usage in the era of big data. Based on the research review, several results were generated about how to address these issues. 1. Data access control In order to ensure the privacy of health data, the establishment of access control strategies is required as well as the related policies, which focus on limit the access rights to patient data, assign the proper access rights by creating access control list, and provide privacy data only to authorized

Cognitive behavioral therapy Free Essays

string(191) " striking similarity to note IS the resonance between the mindfulness-related expression ‘psychological quicksand’ and the person- centered concept of ‘incongruence’\." I will present a summary of both approaches followed by critical reflection upon their exceptive origins, similarities, differences and usage in practice. Carl Rogers, originator of the person-centered approach, conceived it in the late 1 sass at a time when the therapeutic establishment was dominated by psychoanalysis, which holds that psychological problems result from childhood fixations and biological drives buried in the unconscious mind, and behaviorism, which focuses on the annalistic mechanism of habits developing as a reaction to stimuli. Rogers disagreed with these approaches’ conception of the client as ‘weak’ or ‘broken’ and the therapist as the expert with the tools to ‘fix’ him Cashmere, 201 1). We will write a custom essay sample on Cognitive behavioral therapy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Conversely, the person-centered approach is thought to be rooted in three interrelated philosophies (Cashmere, 2011 humanism, existentialism and phenomenology. Humanism is fundamentally a belief in the dignity and worth of each individual, and that each person is engaged in a struggle towards ‘self-actualization’, I. E. Fulfillment of potential in some way, which should be acknowledged and respected. Existentialism holds that there is no objective truth or meaning and that humans are therefore ‘condemned to be free’, with total responsibility for creating meaning in our individual lives, and homogeneity is a related method of social/philosophical enquiry concerned with understanding the subjective reality experienced by each individual. Drawing on these influences, Rogers developed a number of key tenets of person-centered counseling, three of which he dubbed the ‘core conditions of therapeutic change’. These are that, firstly, the therapist experiences ‘unconditional positive regard’ for the client; the client is made to feel that everything he feels and expresses is equally acceptable, important and valued. Secondly, the therapist experiences an ’empathic understanding’ of he client, which means that as the client is talking, the therapist accurately senses his feelings and personal values – including those he may not be directly aware of. Thirdly, the therapists unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding must be effectively conveyed to the client (Rogers, 1957, cited in Ballasting Dyke’s, 2010). Page 1 of 6 These tenets serve to emphasis the role of the therapist in facilitating the client’s achievement of ‘self-actualization’ -becoming a psychologically mature adult who is at ease with their experiences and trusts their own inner sources to help them cope with difficulties. As in phenomenology, the therapist is concerned with understanding the world as perceived by the client. To work within the ‘core conditions’, a therapist must act as another human being rather than an ‘expert’ and must avoid projecting his own personal meanings onto the client’s situation at all costs, although he should remain aware of them as part of his own humanity. Rogers’ theory is that the therapeutic relationship, rather than any specific technique or treatment, will itself facilitate change. He believed that any diagnosis or goal-setting only objectifies clients, and that individual meanings should be treated as the â€Å"highest authority† (Ballasting Dyke’s, 2010). The person-centered approach also offers a theory explaining the origins of unbearable emotional distress. Where there is a conflict between how a person feels, or is (the ‘organism self’) and how he thinks he should feel, or be (the ‘self-concept’), the result is ‘incongruence’. When a person is incongruent, he is experiencing thoughts and feelings that are unacceptable according to his self-concept. This results in the employment of deference mechanisms such as repression, distortion or menial of feelings, alongside escalating confusion and unhappiness. In person- centered counseling, the therapist models congruence – he is being himself and his experiences match what he communicates to the client – and his ‘unconditional positive regard’ is intended to help the client begin to accept all aspects of himself and thus move towards congruence (Ballasting Dyke’s, 2010). Mindfulness, contrastingly, is not primarily a therapy in itself (although there are types of therapy based solely upon Buddhist teachings) but rather a method of dealing with suffering which has been integrated into several types f therapy, notably cognitive-behavioral therapy (CB). An integral part of Buddhist philosophy, mindfulness is a translation of a Pail word meaning ‘recollection’. To ‘recollect’ an awareness of the present moment means observing, without judgment, present thoughts, feelings, sensations and wider context. Crucially, this includes any kind of emotional discomfort or suffering. It is posited that many people strive to keep themselves feeling safe, protecting themselves from the things they fear and trying to attain the things they value and desire. People crave what they don’t have and grasp onto what they do -? forming emotional attachments to ideas, possessions or people in order to distract themselves from the reality of life, which is that it involves suffering and will end in death (Barker, 2010). Hayes (2005, cited in Barker, 2010) uses the phrase ‘psychological quicksand’ to describe the way we can â€Å"sink deeper into our feelings† when we try to struggle against them. To struggle Page 2 of 6 against uncomfortable feelings, whether by distracting ourselves or by trying to force them to change, only deepens and exacerbates conflict and anguish. Furthermore, when controlling or avoiding feelings does not work and we are arced to acknowledge them, we may over-identify with them, view them as permanent and feel trapped within them. Acceptance is the first essential element of mindfulness; instead of â€Å"feeling sad about feeling sad†, the alternative is to accept difficult feelings, gently and curiously, as only part of the whole moment. ‘Being present’ is the second element; this involves striving, through practice, to focus our attention upon the present moment. Ruminating over the past may result in our processing current thoughts and feelings as part Of an overall narrative, which impedes our understanding hem purely for what they are, and focusing on future goals prevents us from seeing that we will never be fully satisfied; happiness can only be in the endeavourer, in the present moment. The third element is awareness. Becoming deeply aware of thoughts and thought processes means that we avoid becoming ‘carried away’ by automatic processes at the expense of reason and control. Mindfulness is often practiced using meditation but can be employed as part of therapy or in the context of day-to-day activities (Barker, 2010). The most striking similarity to note IS the resonance between the mindfulness-related expression ‘psychological quicksand’ and the person- centered concept of ‘incongruence’. You read "Cognitive behavioral therapy" in category "Papers" Essentially, both approaches locate the cause of suffering in the discrepancy between how people truly feel, or truly are, and how they believe they should feel or should be. Accordingly, both approaches advocate acceptance and legitimating of all parts of the self, although the person-centered approach perceives this as being facilitated by the therapeutic relationship, whereas in mindfulness it occurs as a result of practicing ‘acceptance’, ‘being present’ and ‘awareness’ via techniques such as dedication. Shown (1996, cited in Barker, 2010) argues that it was the resonance between some humanistic and Buddhist ideas that led to Buddhism rising popularity in Western culture since the 1 sass; mindfulness theories applied in the West are thus at least somewhat related to the humanist approach. Certainly the two approaches share a belief in phenomenological subjectivity and the harmfulness Of hierarchical, inflexible doctrines. However, at first glance, mindfulness may appear more ideologically-based. Where the person-centered approach focuses on the individualized ‘organism self’ failing to reach the self concept’, mindfulness takes a firmer stance in that it emphasizes the harmfulness of all ‘craving or ‘grasping, in all human beings, as a denial of the realities of suffering and death. Page 3 of 6 These aspects of the two approaches appear diametrically opposed. Should suffering people focus on themselves, or should they move towards focusing on the whole context surrounding them in order to gain perspective? Mann Bazaar is a person-centered therapist who, more recently, has incorporated mindfulness techniques as part of his practice (Bazaar, 2009). He emphasizes the â€Å"erosion† of self that a mindful examination of the self can ring about: ‘What meditation eventually does to one person is to leave one’s identity†¦ That destroys the very foundation of our western society which is founded on ego, on self, on acquiring†¦ The more I’m aware, the more I look around, the more I see the full implication of suffering’ (Open University, 201 AAA). Barker (2010) similarly argues that being in a state of mindful awareness is an appropriate foundation for action, and that letting go of ‘craving’ and ‘grasping’ lessens selfish behavior in relationships. The person-centered approach has attracted criticism for supposedly being â€Å"theory-thin† (Cashmere, 201 1). However, as has been shown, it is rooted in humanism, existentialism and phenomenology’, and was developed as a challenge to the authoritarian, dogmatic approaches that were prominent at the time. Carl Rogers is overwhelmingly regarded as the most influential figure in the therapy field, even among practitioners of cognitive-behavioral therapy (Barber, 2007, cited in Ballasting Dyke’s, 201 0); regardless Of approach, most practitioners today recognize the importance of the relationship between therapist and client, as well as the need to create equilibrium within this relationship rather than allowing the therapist to Edgar him or herself as the ‘expert’ (Kowtow and Saffron, 2007). Pinker (2011) argues that the evolution of value systems in the direction of humanism has been a momentous general historical trend. Person-centered counseling, which reveres the inherent worth and inalienable rights of the individual and disdains arbitrary authority in favor of a more egalitarian outlook, rose to prominence as part of this trend. Pinker contends that, since the end of the Second World War, humanism has been the unquestioned foundation of most Western people’s values; so much so that it is easy to forget it is a theory. The historical significance of humanism in general, and Carl Rogers in particular, should not be discounted. However, since Rogers’ theories were developed in the sass, it seems timely to examine them and question whether they might be refined. Wood (2008) highlights some criticisms that have been made in recent years: May (1982, cited in Wood, 2008) ‘took Rogers to task for asserting the sovereign freedom of the individual and then blaming society for the individual’s woes†. The person- centered approach, which takes an extremely positive view of human nature (all humans are engaged in a struggle towards self-actualization, and only deed Page 4 of 6 to be facilitated to achieve their potential), does not adequately address personal responsibility or the collective good. To value and revere an individual’s needs above all else is to ignore, for example, ecological problems that result from people proportioning their own wants and needs. In my view, Rogers’ reverence of the therapeutic relationship is also problematic. To feel and communicate positive regard and empathic understanding to such an extent that the client feels transformed by it, may only be achieved in certain circumstances. Maureen Moore, a preconceived counselor, describes her allegations with a client who was feeling alienated from others as a result of being mixed-race: â€Å"I’ve experienced some of this myself, so in a sense I was able to be more empathic† (Open University, Bibb). The success of the therapeutic relationship may at least partly depend on the therapists experiences and personality compared to the client’s, and while this criticism applies to all types of therapy, it is particularly pertinent in the case of an approach which venerates the relationship as the therapy, rather than any technique or process. It may be that the person-centered approach works best n cases where a profound understanding does develop (perhaps as a result of shared experience between the therapist and the client) and/or where the client is new to the experience of being fully listened to and accepted. Overall, I feel more drawn to the mindfulness approach: the person-centered idea of accepting the whole self has been refined and conveyed more clearly, without the need for jargon such as ‘incongruence’, there is less weight placed upon the therapeutic relationship and it addresses the wider context rather than focusing on the self. Additionally, mindfulness techniques have been hon. to have wide-ranging applications; dialectical behavior therapy, for example, is a variant of CB which focuses on patients’ cognitive styles while simultaneously teaching mindfulness strategies for management of their mental states, and which evidence suggests is effective for patients with borderline personality disorder. Mindfulness as part of a structured approach may be Of particular benefit to people with chaotic inner lives (Roth and F-Nagy, 2005). How to cite Cognitive behavioral therapy, Papers

Childlike Clarity free essay sample

As the sun beats down upon my neck and shoulders it hits me that I forgot to put on sunscreen. The straps of my swimsuit are hurting my shoulders, and the bottoms of my feet are blistering on the hot pool deck. My sunglasses are marred with chlorine spots. My hair is drying crispy from the chemicals in the baking sun. The sound of splashing water echoes around me and the children’s shouts permeate the air, the water, my ears, and the ears of everyone in the vicinity. It is the first day that I am out of the water, and many of my swimmers are panicking. Most of the children are swimming as instructed, exhilarated by the lack of physical adult presence in the water with them. There is nothing between them and the water, and the task of swimming to the other side has become even more exciting than before. We will write a custom essay sample on Childlike Clarity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The sight of twenty children – most of them between the ages of four and six – attempting to freestyle their way across the twenty-five meters of poorly chlorinated water is something to put anyone on edge. Today, my eyes are keenly darting across the pool continually counting from one to twenty making sure I have all heads accounted for. I am acting out of habit, cyclically counting, calling out encouragement, and pacing the expanse of the deck. I notice one of the boys, Brian, stop just past the wall. He is one of my older swimmers in this age group– he is six years old – and he has been taking private lessons with me for several weeks. Sweet, but reserved, he doesn’t speak much. He has swum maybe three strokes and has paused to pretend to cough, to hang onto the wall, and to rub the fog out of his green-turtle goggles. Exasperated, I turn my focus from the end of the pool where the fastest swimmers are just beginning to arrive and call out to Brian: â€Å"Keep going Brian, no stopping Buddy!† He doesn’t move. I shouldn’t be surprised, but as I was the one to teach him to swim and had spent countless weeks in the water helping him develop confidence and competence, his giving-up is grating on my nerves. Making sure all of my other â€Å"at risk† swimmers have reached the wall safely, I turn and kneel down beside him. â€Å"Brian, you have to keep swimming buddy, why did you stop?† â€Å"I cant.† â€Å"Yes, you can, you do it every day! Okay, time to keep swimming, let’s go!† â€Å"But I can’t Miss Olivia.† â€Å"Brian, I don’t want you to say you cant. You know that you can. It’s time to go.† â€Å"But I don’t want to put my face in the water.† I stop: I unintentionally allow anger to start creeping into my tone, coloring my words a deepening shade of red. I don’t have time for this. His sincerity permeates the air but my vision is blurred by heat and stress. He is not lying; he honestly fears the thought of putting his face under the surface of the water, of looking through his goggles to the dirty bottom of the pool. Fear has gotten the better of him, and I very well know that when one of the kids becomes overcome with fear, there is often very little that can be done with them that day. â€Å"Brian, you cannot swim without putting your face in the water. All of the other kids are waiting for us. Are you going to swim or are you going to get out?† â€Å"But I can’t see! What if I drown?! What if I die?!† â€Å"You wont drown Brian, nobody is going to die.† â€Å"Then why are there lifeguards here?† At that moment, sincerity looked up at me from the reflective waters and peered up at me through the rubbed clean green-turtle goggles. It clearly saw through me. The question was honest, and I was baffled. My response to the question was not sincere: it had something to do with that lifeguards are only there to watch the kids who didn’t know how to swim. I told Brian that because he could swim, he clearly had no reason to be afraid. While I believe this to be true, it was not honest. It was not sincere. Brian, the five year old, had bested me. His sincerity had illuminated a flaw in my reasoning, one that only a child would think of. Obviously he was right: the purpose of a lifeguard is to protect and save lives. Neither of these things would be necessary if no lives were at risk. I looked across the deck to my friend sitting on the lifeguard stand. He looked back at me and waved. Brian continued to look up at me. He was not fooled. His goggles were foggy from the pool but he could see more through them than I could through my spotted lenses. He rubbed out the fog, but I hadn’t even realized that my vision was obstructed.